The Feminist Theory Of Women - 1842 Words

The theory that this research explores is the feminist theory. It will explore the equality of women to men in the military as well as the hardships differentiated in the military but specifically upon whether or not women are most likely to be the victim rather than men. The Feminist Theory is a way of looking at the social world through the lens of gender inequality. The focus is on male and female power. Feminist theory addresses the roles women have in society and the ongoing battles women face. Most importantly, this way of thinking about the social world focuses on the rights of women, including: economic, sexual, reproductive, property, and voting rights. This theory is the most applicable for multiple reasons. First attitudes toward the role of women in the military require the reconciliation of two often conflicting beliefs: those toward the roles and rights of women and those toward the military. Second, sexual assaults are more so caused with women more so than with men ca using it to be more of a feminist issue, as well as a gender role issue. Women have served in all the nation s wars, but today make up a larger percentage of the service than in previous conflicts. Sexual harassment is one thing that can’t be hidden in the workforce. One specific place that this tries to be hidden or kept a secret is in the United States Military. The U. S. Department of Defense is one of the biggest employers in the world (Alexander). They employ an estimate of 3.2 millionShow MoreRelatedThe Feminist Theory Of Women930 Words   |  4 Pagesof gender. By definition the â€Å"Feminist theory is one of the major sociological theories which analyzes the status of women and men in society with the purpose of using that knowledge to better women’s lives† (Crossman n.d.). Throughout history, women have fought to become equal, to have the same rights as men. Although the power that women are allowed to have has greatly improved over time. At one point in time, women had absolutely no rights what so ever and now women not only have rights but theyRead MoreThe Feminist Psychoanalytic Theory Of Black Women Essay1856 Words   |  8 Pages The Femini st Psychoanalytic Theory encompasses the idea that the ideal â€Å"human person is a blend of positive feminine and positive masculine traits.† (Combs)Throughout history, Black women’s physical and mental strength have been demonized by the greater White society as negative masculinity and unwanted sassiness. By analyzing the actions of Black mothers in Annelise Orleck’s Storming Caesar’s Palace, the common preconceived notion of Black women is refuted and dismantled. The Feminist PsychoanalyticRead MoreThe Feminist Theory Of Women s Representation On The Company Board Of The Australian Agriculture Company Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper examines elements of the feminist theory that reveal an insight into Women’s representation on the company board of the Australian Agriculture Company (AACo). Through the notion of gender, feminists analyse relations of power concerning males and females, how that power is exerted and that the interacti on has habitually, historically and socially instigated throughout time. There are four major lenses of feminism; liberal, Marxist, radical and socialism. The findings in this paper focusRead MoreThe Feminist Theory Of Women s Representation On The Company Board Of The Australian Agriculture Company Essay1706 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This paper examines elements of the feminist theory that reveal an insight to Women’s representation on the company board of the Australian Agriculture Company (AACo). Through the notion of gender, feminists analyse relations of power concerning males and females, how that power is exerted and the that interaction has habitually, historically and socially implemented over time. There are four major lenses of feminism; liberal, Marxist, radical and socialism. The findings in this paperRead MoreAssessing The Feminist View That Conventional Malestream Theories Are Inadequate For An Understanding Of Women In Society1773 Words   |  8 PagesAssessing The Feminist View That Conventional Malestream Theories Are Inadequate For An Understanding Of Women In Society Feminism is divided into several different versions. However, they all share several common assumptions. They view society as patriarchal, that is, dominated by men. They see men as the most important source of womens oppression in society. For example, feminists see men as having the most power in the family. They have higher paid jobs and they monopolizeRead MoreThe Importance Of Being A Black Woman Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pagespoet, author, feminist, and civil rights activist. Most of her works explored the concept of being a black woman in this society; therefore her literature and theories were based on her experiences. Race, sexuality, and gender were her main focal points throughout her career. When speaking from a feminist perspective, Lorde based her thoughts on the â€Å"theory of difference, which focuses on the binary differences between males and females, which is the opposite of traditional feminist theory (the thoughtRead MoreBlack Feminist Politics And Praxis1293 Words   |  6 PagesBlack Feminist Politics and Praxis in Respect to UConn Reads Active Learning Activity Black Feminist Politics and theory grew out of many black women s feelings of dissatisfaction following the civil rights era, and the white female feminist movement throughout the 1960-1970s. During the early conceptualization process of black feminist theory, the women of this new movement, specifically Kimberlà © Crenshaw, came to name the term â€Å"intersectionality theory.† Black Feminist Politics and theory arguesRead MoreFeminism : Waves Of Debates Within Feminism Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesFeminism, in simple terms, refers to a collective desire to end the oppression of women. Because oppression takes various forms and affects those who are victim to it in a number of different, yet often connected ways; feminism should accordingly be regarded as a multifaceted set of movements working towards multiple aims and ends. Which is to say that feminism is less a single movement concerned with the oppression of women, and more a gathering of movements concerned with a number of oppressive structuresRead MoreFeminist Theory1345 Words   |  6 PagesFeminist Theory Feminist theory is the extension of feminism into theoretical, or philosophical discourse, it aims to understand the nature of gender inequality. It examines womens social roles and lived experience, and feminist politics in a variety of fields, such as anthropology and sociology, communication, psychoanalysis, economics, literary criticism, education, and philosophy. While generally providing a critique of social relations, much of feminist theory also focuses on analyzing genderRead MoreFeminism : The, Or Man Hating912 Words   |  4 Pagesmending the oppressions within a gender binary. My definition of feminist theory is looking at and analyzing a variety of different oppressions and maltreatments, particularly those within gender; furthermore, feminist theory focuses on how these oppressions come to be and how they influence society, with a hopeful end result of ending these oppressions. The best way to demonstrate this is to look at evidence of how feminist theory works throug h race, sexual orientation, as well as gender issues

100 Careers in Film and Television by Kim Petrosky

With the majority of entertainment careers, starting low, aiming high, networking, talent, and luck are the key elements of succeeding. While no specific training is necessary to become a casting director or a talent agent, succession most likely will come with education, practice and the right skill set. To fully comprehend the industry, studying at a two or four year college that offers courses in film and theater arts, like acting and directing, as well as business management is necessary. Casting directors need to know how to negotiate and understand the complications of working with union employees. It’s also wise to take acting classes. Casting director Kim Petrosky states in her book 100 Careers in Film and Television that acting classes will help in understanding actors and the acting process, identify talent, and ease actors for better auditions. Talent agencies attract many applicants, but a degree will raise your chances of getting a job. According to the U.S. New University Directory, the favored degree varies with different agencies. Some employers desire graduates with business degrees, a bachelors or a masters degree, and a marketing specialty, if possible. Suggested courses include marketing, finance, and accounting. Other agencies would rather hire graduates with a bachelors degree in communications, advertising, or journalism, with courses in marketing, sales, and consumer behavior. Another possible degree is a bachelors in public relations, with

Employee Satisfaction Level for Social Structures- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEmployee Satisfaction Level for Social Structure. Answer: In the current era, organizations represent themselves as very common social structures as because of their dynamic nature. However, the employees working in the organizations are the major role players because it is through their commitment and effective involvement that a particular organization becomes competitive in the marketplace. Although the relation in between the employees and their organization is interdependent, both the parties have influence on each others ability for achieving a positive outcome (Carter et al., 2013). However, the paper is going to elaborate on to what extent does the satisfaction level of the employees determines the brand reputation and internal culture of an organization. In most of the cases, the perception and the satisfaction level of the employees create organizational culture (Biswas Bhatnagar, 2013). Strong and powerful culture constructs an unified working atmosphere in an organization, whereas weak internal culture always lacks in shared sense of difference in between the employees. The satisfaction level of an employee encompasses a significant place in the list of main concerns of the HRM department of the organizations. This is due to two reasons. The first is that satisfaction level of the employees helps in retaining more employees and the second is that, it also raises the performance level of theirs. It is very difficult to build a successful organization if the employee turnover in the organization is excessive. Finding out new employees or candidates, then training them from the very base and later integrating them into the actual business not only takes a lot of time but also costs a lot. This may also result in lowering the overall morale. Along with a powerful company culture, which encourages the people to come to work every day, the retention number of employees too gets increased. The stronger the culture, the less will be the possibility of the employees to leave the organization. As described by Adhikari and Deb (2013), job satisfaction is a combination of physiological, environmental and psychological circumstances, which makes a man to say that he is not satisfied with his job. Furthermore, Vlachos, Panagopoulos and Rapp (2013), too have stated that job satisfaction refers to something for which an employee feels how good he is in the organization. However, a basic knowledge and understanding of culture is very important for understanding formal and informal behaviors of the employees. The organizational culture affects an employee both directly and indirectly. It affects employees productivity, performances, effectiveness, innovativeness, decision-making, leadership and his level of job satisfaction. A supportive culture trait within an organization such as of motivation, growth opportunities, supervisory support and communication makes the employees feel entitled to behave and think as leaders within their domain. Low satisfaction level of the employee job satisfaction depicts weak organizational culture (Zopiatis, Constanti Theocharous, 2014). Weak organizational culture refers to such an internal culture within the organization that is not implanted deeply into the process and organization does its things. Within a weak internal culture, there exists poor motivation and common factors for the employees as well as lack of focus. Employees in such a company are generally lost as far as the norms and core values within the company and they are unaware of their roles and duties that are expected from them. Giving the employees an ideal cultural working environment in which working is much more than just stopping themselves from quitting, it is about making them feel invested in their respective jobs. When an organization creates a culture in which its employees really love to work, they will for sure feel that their office is elaboration of their home (Pfeffer, 2014). Hence, they then will feel both passionate and excited regarding the work that they are doing. The more passionate are the workers, the more will be their production, innovation and creativity. When an employee feels satisfied with his work, he is likely to give better performance and productivity than when he was less satisfied. This will ultimately reflect the true culture of the organization. In other words, analysis of employee satisfaction works as a tool to assess the organizational or internal culture of a firm. Employee satisfaction and a strong reputation are related in various ways. The employees who are not satisfied have the potential to damage the reputation of a business (Horn et al., 2015). The satisfied employees are likely to put extra efforts as they feel valued. Furthermore, studies have shown that there is 87% less likelihood of the well-satisfied employees to leave their respective organizations as compared to the unsatisfied employees. Treating the employees poorly would never encourage their enthusiasm for the work and loyalty to the brand of the organization. This for sure, will not only have a detrimental impact on the internal environment of the company but will also affect its external reputation a lot as well. Employee satisfaction also measures their attachment and relationship with their organizations, their job roles and responsibilities, their relationship with their colleagues as well the working culture of the organization (Dhar, 2015). The level of satisfaction wi ll both positively and negatively affects the willingness of the employees to do the work beyond their responsibilities. They no longer care about working for making the customers of the organization feel valued and taken acre by the brand. Researchers have also found out that the companies with highly satisfied employees have high brand reputation. Low level of employee satisfaction is directly related to poor service and quality and high employee turnover, low company morale, safety incidents and fall in reputation. All this affect the ultimate profit of a company and their public image. Common public does not take much time to notice that there is a decline in the service. The main aim of employee satisfaction is to reduce the negative impact that could cause the brand reputation to suffer and could snowball. Hence, it can be concluded from the above discussion that the job satisfaction level of an employee do determine the internal organizational culture and the brand reputation of organizations. It can be depicted from his performance, productivity, and well being that he is indeed happy with his work. Furthermore, the employees who are not at all satisfied have no motivation to confirm the standard of service of the company. References: Adhikari, K., Deb, P. (2013). Factors influencing job satisfaction of bank employees.Sumedha Journal of Management,2(2), 22. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/18555846/Job_Satisfaction_of_Bank_Employees_A_Study_with_reference_to_United_Bank_of_India Biswas, S., Bhatnagar, J. (2013). Mediator analysis of employee engagement: role of perceived organizational support, PO fit, organizational commitment and job satisfaction.Vikalpa,38(1), 27-40. Retrieved from https://www.vikalpa.com/pdf/articles/2013/jan-mar-vol-38-1-27-40.pdf Carter, M. Z., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., Mossholder, K. W. (2013). Transformational leadership, relationship quality, and employee performance during continuous incremental organizational change.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(7), 942-958. Retrieved from https://business.troy.edu/Portal/Data/Sites/1/userfiles/46/carter-et-al-job2013.pdf Dhar, R. L. (2015). Service quality and the training of employees: The mediating role of organizational commitment.Tourism Management,46, 419-430. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/20df/1f003cc6009bb6fdc345dd311c7a9b337c42.pdf Horn, I. S., Taros, T., Dirkes, S., Her, L., Rose, M., Tietmeyer, R., Constantinides, E. (2015). Business reputation and social media: A primer on threats and responses.Journal of direct, data and digital marketing practice,16(3), 193-208. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/dddmp.2015.1 Pfeffer, J. (2014). Business and the spirit: Management practices that sustain values. InHandbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance(pp. 43-59). Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971685816689741 Vlachos, P. A., Panagopoulos, N. G., Rapp, A. A. (2013). Feeling good by doing good: Employee CSR-induced attributions, job satisfaction, and the role of charismatic leadership.Journal of business ethics,118(3), 577-588. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10551-012-1590-1 Zopiatis, A., Constanti, P., Theocharous, A. L. (2014). Job involvement, commitment, satisfaction and turnover: Evidence from hotel employees in Cyprus.Tourism Management,41, 129-140. Retrieved from https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/13142/1/13142_1-s2.0-S0261517713001751-main.pdf

The Kray twins were born in 1933 Essay Example

The Kray twins were born in 1933 Paper The Kray twins were born in 1933. They lived in the east end of London and soon took up the traditional way of life that their family had led for generations. They got involved with two local gangsters Billy Hill and Jack Comer. This is what eventually led to their rise to gangland supremos. A popular view, is that the media orchestrated the Krays transition from villains to heroes, antidisestablishmentarianists to conquering idols. There are various sources to back up these two statements and the question itself suggests that this is the case. There will always be different views on the Krays, some more sensationalist papers will portray them as being glamorous and that their lifes that they led were fine and generally above the law. The source by Gordon Burn of the Observer sport monthly does just this. The Krays are compared to Ronnie O Sullivan and his dad. The fact that his dad is in prison for murder is not really touched upon. Their situation is described as, no problem. Nothing is a problem. Lovely. Further into the article more famous gangsters and hoodlums are mentioned including the Richardsons, the Lambrinous and the Maltese Messina brothers. We will write a custom essay sample on The Kray twins were born in 1933 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Kray twins were born in 1933 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Kray twins were born in 1933 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The paper continues to glorify the O Sullivans by hailing them the fighting OSullivans. Some similarities are suggested between the Krays and the O Sullivans, mainly that they both have a strong sense of family loyalty and stick up for each other. With newspaper articles like this we can see how the Krays may have been made from villains into heroes. There are other sources that take a different view to this. The cult of violence, by John Pearson is another modern article but is more blunt and doesnt seem to side with the Krays. It expressively calls them killers on more than one occasion. He also talks about their less endearing qualities that he picked up on. This source, most importantly, tells us that the Krays set him up to tell the world about their killings and butchery. This deffinatly means that the Krays tried to manipulate the media to increase their fame and recognition. This source also shows that the whole of the media were not totally bias in the Krays favour and that some people tell it how it really was. If there is one source that is most guilty in the glamorisation of the Krays and of the gangster lifestyle then its The Kray twins; Brothers in arms by Thomas L. Jones. The source reminds us of how poor the conditions were for the people of the East End. At this point the article might be trying to make us feel sorry for the way that the Kray twins grew up. It could also provide an explanation of why they turned out the way they did. There are other points in this source that also show positive points about famous criminals by using the word celebrated about Jack the Ripper. The Krays are later described as famous and infamous gangsters. This, as well as other parts of the source like their success, and ease of achievement show the support the Krays had from the media and helps us to understand how they became famous. The source also tries to excuse the two murders that they committed by calling the victims miserable, lowlife street thugs with little to redeem and as about as sympathetic a due as Goebbels and Himmler. The source then goes on to say that they received the heaviest prison sentence ever handed down by a British court of law. This source would be heavily influential on people about the Krays and you can deffinatly see how they were made from villains into heroes. Another important aspect of the media support of the Krays is that there is a film made about them. This is deffinate proof that at least some media glamorised them. The Krays had previously tried to have a film made about them. That is a good example of how they influenced the media to make themselves into famous heroes. The front cover of the Krays film shows them wearing dark suits and ties. Therefore rich and successful. There is another source which gives us more of an insight into why the media might have wanted to give the Krays so much attention. It is by Edward Lawson and it is called The story of the Daily Telegraph. It tells us how the paper thrives on crime and how most writers and biographers do. It also admits that sometimes papers over do it when reporting crime. This suggest that it might not have been down to the Krays, to get their fame, more the papers trying to make some money. There is one more source that I will discuss. That is End of a murderous duo by John Macleod from the Herald. This takes a negative view on the Krays, Society has earned a rest from your activities. This source shows that their were papers apposed to the Krays and that they couldnt influence everyone. However the article was written in 2000 and so it doesnt necessarily reflect what the papers were saying in the sixties and the seventies. The papers have said a lot of things about the Krays throughout the decades. Some have been good and others have taken more of a negative approach to their existence. There has been a film made about them and numerous documentaries. Their rise to fame was partly due to the medias hype about them and partly due to the way they manipulated the media into supporting them and getting good publicity from them. There are many source we can use to support this view like the Observer sport monthly and The Kray Twins: brothers in arms. They show us how crime is glamorised by the media and how the Krays were able to manipulate the papers. So overall the Krays would not have made the transition from low life villains to famous heroes without the help of the papers and the media.

Relationship between Media Coverage and Social and Environmental Issues

Relationship between Media Coverage and Social and Environmental Issues Free Online Research Papers Media denotes a section or form of communication channels that is intended to get in touch with a very large audience such as the population of nation or state. Examples include newspapers, magazines, books, televisions radios and the internet. It serves various constructive purposes such as advocating both for business and social concerns, entertainment, and public service announcements. Media also has negative characteristics some of which include the inability to transmit tacit knowledge, manipulation of large groups of people through its outlets, biasness and its inability to act as peoples’ watchdog to wrongs happening in the society. The population covered by media consists of people with diversified characters, opinions, educational backgrounds, and religion. The influence of media to people in a given population- their social, political, environmental, economic and religious issues- is therefore quite variable. Social issues are matters directly or indirectly affecting many or all members of the society and may be considered as societal problems, moral degraders or both. Some examples include poverty, violence, abortion, rape and social injustice. Environmental issues on the other hand are those changes in the environmental conditions which directly or indirectly affect the society such as global warming, climate change, pollution, loss of biodiversity, etcetera. The media has a social and moral obligation to highlight these issues and help in mitigating them if not totally curbing them. This paper describes both negative and positive nature of the relationship between media coverage and social and environmental issues within the perceptual and contextual role of media in contemporary society. The writer assumes that media has continued to maintain a positive relationship with both social and environmental issues facing the society despite its false starts. Man is a social being and cannot exist on his own. He has to depend on others for co-existence. This mutual relationship with others brings forth the aspect of society. Due to the fact that people are of different characters, co-existence portends social problems whose magnitudes depend on how the society copes with them. This is the point where the media comes in. Media are business entities out to make profits (Kiousis McCombs 142). This drive leads them into selecting topics suitable in improving their business through strategies like maintaining their audience by appealing to them. This fact has been stressed further by the agenda setting theory of media which claims that media does not direct people into what to think, but what to think about (Kiousis McCombs 142). This role conflicts with media as a watchdog to and an instrument of fighting social norms. Some social issues which may have a more significant impact on the society are not reported extensively whereas others whic h may not be as important or even negative to societal existence are reported accurately with extensive coverage or sensation resulting in moral panic. Mass media, especially television, has also contributed to some social evils like violence through broadcast of programs which are violent in nature like wrestling or episodes of unnecessary wars. The effect of this has been found to affect severely the children and the youth as depicted in the media’s effect cultivation theory. This theory, developed by George Gerbner, has in its fundamental claim that persistent long-term exposure to television content has little but measurable effects on the perceptual worlds of audience members (Entman 121-122). Gerbner further claims that heavy television viewing creates an exaggerated belief in a â€Å"mean and scary world† and that television has surpassed religion as the key storyteller of our culture (Carrie Bonds 56). The theory is most famous for its applications to the correlations between media violence and violent behavior and according to Gerbner, the children, elderly, African-Americans, Latinos, women and the less educ ated are often the victims of television violence (Bryant Zillman 46-7). Television is not a reflection of the world but a world in itself and a kind of modern day religion that affects every aspect of social life of its audience. People cultivate perceptions of reality by television, meaning that they make assumptions about others, places and things from fictional sitcoms, soap operas, dramas and television news all of which have direct impact on social decisions and actions (Gerbner et al, 17-40). From fictional sitcoms, people tend to take the fiction in them seriously and even go to an extent of reflecting them on their life. From soap operas, they take the stage acting as a real life situation; many envying to live the ‘movie superstar’s life’ forgetting that it is only stage managed. Dramas have similar effects too while the effect of the news is variable depending on its content and area of coverage. For instance, news showing people striking or demonst rating for their rights ends up spreading the message that striking and demonstrating are the solutions to oppression and decaying societal morals. If such news receives countrywide coverage, mass revolts may be opted for instead of conventional democratic processes and political dialogues. The repetitive nature of mass-produced messages and images forms the conventional symbolic environment that people base their perceptions on. For example, most of television programs are commercially designed to be watched by nearly everyone in a moderately nonselective fashion. This design is aimed at widening the target audience. Newsprints and radio programs may also have the same strategy. These strategies cultivate the very predispositions and preferences that used to be acquired from other primary sources like parental counseling and are largely contributed by the continuous absence of parents to preoccupy their children with other activities and to monitor their habits of utilizing the mass media. Children who watch violent television programs like wrestling end up being violent and aggressive in schools (UCLA Center for Communication Policy par 2-14). Later in life, they become more prone to being on the wrong side of law. They grow seeing incidences of violence in these prog rams whose effects are gradual. At first, they may not be influenced much but as time elapses, they unconsciously start engaging in violence when faced with some situations since their minds are already preformed to think that violence can solve problems better. In fact, in 1993, at a conference of the National Council for Families and Television, it was estimated that 10% of the violence in the United States result from television viewing (UCLA Center for Communication Policy par 2-14). Television violence incidences forms a necessary part of plot and character development accurately portraying real life and it is responsible for actual violence in society, a diehard social issue in many societies. Social moral decadence has also been compromised to some extent by the media. When the society gets exposed to some other cultures through the mass media, their moral values become affected. This effect is more rampant in developing countries in the East and in Sub-Saharan Africa where western culture has been of great influence to the youth propagated by the mass media whose coverage extends that far. Western hip-hop music which seems to glorify social evils like adultery, demeaning the feminine as sexual pet, fornication and use of vulgar language is of great impact to the youths who tend to give a try to whatever they hear or see. Evidently, the youths’ modes of dressing have changed from decent wear to scanty clothes whereas cases of premarital pregnancies have been on the rise ostensibly perpetuated by glorification of sex. To this effect the media which is supposed to be the societal guider in maintaining morals and preventing social evils, acts contrarily by promoting t hem. The role of media in propagating environmental issues is an area of concern to many who view it as a champion of societal good. Media coverage has in many instances failed in sensitizing environmental issues facing the society such as global warming, climatic change and resource depletion, loss of biodiversity, pollution, land degradation and global dimming. Instead of having enlightening coverage of the issues, they make them a liberal versus conservative or science vs. scientific hype issues (Boykoff Boykoff par 1-10). Instead of doing analysis, they drive the issues into political discussions, because they draw better media ratings from making politics out of virtually everything that is contentious. Environmental issues are real and usually find their way into the media, but only in ways that are not so important. They are relegated to the periphery of importance compared to all other topics of media coverage (Kester, 2008). Most media channels do not comprehend the consequences of environmental relapse until the society is faced with them in such a way there is a radical change in the lifestyles of the people. This reflects the fact that many modern journalists find environmental issues unrealistic and not worthy of descriptions that endear journalists to their clients. The old aspirations of journalists to report societal ills and imbalances are equated with words like fairness, accuracy, balance, comprehensiveness and truth only if these describe the more important aspects of news coverage of which environment is not as appealing until its issues are grave. In terms of arising issues, journalists are taught to abide by the norm of balance; identifying the most prevailing, widespread positions and then telling both sides of the story. Balance aims at attaining neutrality. It requires that reporters present the views of legitimate spokespersons of the conflicting sides in any significant dispute, and provide both sides with roughly equal attention. Balanced coverage does not, however, always mean accurate coverage. In terms of environmental issues, balance may allow skepticism. Many skeptics most of whom have vested interests in environmental issues or are not able to appreciate environmental responsibility opting for other forms detrimental to it, use every coverage opportunity to take control of the media (Boykoff Boykoff par 1-10). This is exemplified in the case where carbon based industries fund environmental skeptics to come up with theories contradicting the known causes of global warming in a desperate move to keep themselves in business. On the positive, media coverage can be praised for its efforts in counteracting some social and environmental issues. Mass media coverage promotes civic education to the society; teaching people about their civic rights and enabling them to understand their leaders and the government better (Anderson Meyer 67). Through such coverage, social issues such as injustice, suppression of human rights, social or gender discrimination and affirmative action have been well and clearly highlighted in the society promoting democracy and a unified community whereby all people are equal as per the provisions of their country constitutions. Without civic education, people fail to know their constitutional rights and are likely to be oppressed. Media comes first as the most trusted institution by many people even before judiciary or the government in contemporary society. Due to this, mass media has for a long time been the people’s watchdog; monitoring the government and its agents, other agencies and peer journalistic establishments in their activities. As a result, social issues like corruption have been reduced in places where effective media exist. Nowadays, people have become busy in their jobs and businesses thereby giving little regard to social development of their children on issues like sex education and drug control. This can also be attributed to the fact that some parents fear their children reaction when they initiate these topics. Mass media has been left as the only tool for teaching these topics on a neutral ground evidential in many counseling programs in media broadcasts. Counseling programs do not only benefit the children. Parents also have their share on late night programs which target societal issues like marriages, sex education, societal relationships and politics. In so doing, media coverage helps in providing the necessary information to them on these topics and thus mitigating the long term effects of such societal issues. Media also has played its role as a gatekeeper; mediating the flow of messages by incorporating a diverse and unbiased range of political perspectives and social actors. Through this role, the media facilitates conflict managements which are serious social issues facing many countries. For example, the resigned acceptance in Russia, ethnic violence in Kenya and protests in Turkey and Mexico, the political turmoil and cholera crisis in Zimbabwe, the middle east crisis and many more. Mass media as people’s watchdog has been monitoring government concern toward environment by covering its environmental crusades and since the government needs to appeal to its citizens, it has continually intervened in instances where environmental degradation threatens the very comfort of its citizens. This has somewhat minimized most environmental crises around the world. Media coverage on environmental issues like draughts, pollution and environmental degradation has helped to highlight areas of the environment that are seriously affected. This coverage attract the attention of ‘would be problems solvers’ like the non governmental organizations (NGOs) or community based organizations (CBOs) and other advocates of environmental sanity and sustainability who could not have known the magnitude of the problems had the media not highlighted them. The extensive coverage of the mass media in almost all regions is due to the fact that most media houses have reporters based at grass root levels and who are primary witnesses of devastating societal disregard for environmental responsibility, circumstances that they sometimes report with a passion. During crises like droughts, famine or any other serious environmental or social issue, media coverage plays a significant role in organizing well wishers who are ready to help in such situations. As an example, following the recent draughts and escalating prices of consumer goods early this year, Kenyan media houses hit international news headlines by organizing one of the most successful campaign of its kind in history dubbed Kenya in twenty four hours, whereby well able citizens dropped off food donations at strategic points during the stipulated twenty four hours. These donations were later forwarded to specific NGOs for distribution. In such a case, media coverage played an important role in highlighting the plight of the less fortunate and organizing the citizens towards their rescue. Conclusion The role of media coverage on social and environmental issues remains central to its measure of strength in serving the society. The population covered by media consists of people with diversified characters, opinions, educational backgrounds, and religion and thus the influence of media on them varies as a function of how effective the coverage is the kind of media in use and what the journalists consider profitable and appropriate for its client audience. Media has negative as well as positive characteristics. Its negative characteristics are exemplified in its inability to transmit tacit knowledge, manipulation of large groups of people through its outlets, biasness and its inability to act as peoples’ watchdog to wrongs happening in the society while on the positive, media acts as the watchdog on social and environmental enlightener and as a gatekeeper to societal virtues. Evidences adduced herein suggests that, in reality, the show of media systems frequently fall far s hort of lofty desires, with important costs for the workings of the civic sphere and the general society. Whereas the media has faltered in many instances in its core coverage roles, it is also important to note that it has continue to maintain a positive relationship with both social and environmental issues facing the society. Boykoff, J. Boykoff, M. ‘Journalistic Balance as Global Warming Bias: Creating controversy where science finds consensus’. In FAIR. (2004). Retrieved 01 April 2009 from fair.org/index.php?page=21extra_issue_id=138 Bryant, J. Zillman, D. Perspectives on media effects. Hilldale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1986. Carrie, P Bonds, J. Cultivations of Reality through Television. University of South Carolina Press, 1999. Entman, R. M. ‘Framing public life: Perspectives on media and our understanding of the social world’. Political Communication, 23.1(2006):121-122. Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., Signorielli, N. Living with television: The dynamics of the cultivation process. In J. Bryant D. Zillman (Eds), Perspectives on media effects, (1986). (17-40). Hilldale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Kester, Will. ‘Assessing the US media coverage of global warming’. Helium. 2008. Retrieved 01 April 2009 from Kiousis, S., McCombs, M. ‘Agenda Setting Study: Agenda Setting effects and strength’. MT Journal Nr (2003, March): p. 142. UCLA Center for Communication Policy. The UCLA Television Violence Report 1997. Retrieved 01 April 2009 from Wober, Mallory. The use and abuse of television: A social psychological analysis of the changing screen. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, 1988. Research Papers on Relationship between Media Coverage and Social and Environmental IssuesEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThree Concepts of Psychodynamic

European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

European Union - Essay Example According to Templeton, the economic impetus behind the euro project can be traced from the relatively poor performance of the European economies over the past twenty years or more (8). Templeton states that Europe has, for a long time, suffered from relatively weak economic growth, persistently high unemployment and weak economic growth (8). In fact, a term, Eurosclerosis, has been coined to describe the dismal performance of the European economy which became more pronounced in the 1980s. In order to correct these problems, European policy making in the last fifteen years emphasized in launching two significant projects: (1) the single European market, with the free movement of goods, labor, services and capital , and (2) the euro project, the plan for European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Chabot pointed out that it is a common misconception that the euro, [or more generally, the European Union] is primarily an economic project (37). In fact, Chabot asserts that the project is intensely a political one that has been entangled in the history of Europe for many years. In short, the project has evolved as an essential step toward the ultimate goal of â€Å"ever closer† political integration first planned in the 1958 Treaty of Rome, and that the language of the subsequent treaties makes it clear that the euro’s introduction is based far more than economic pros and cons (Chabot 37-38). Former Germany Chancellor Helmut Kohl viewed that euro’s economic benefits are only secondary.... Chabot pointed out that it is a common misconception that the euro, [or more generally, the European Union] is primarily an economic project (37). In fact, Chabot asserts that the project is intensely a political one that has been entangled in the history of Europe for many years. In short, the project has evolved as an essential step toward the ultimate goal of "ever closer" political integration first planned in the 1958 Treaty of Rome, and that the language of the subsequent treaties makes it clear that the euro's introduction is based far more than economic pros and cons (Chabot 37-38). Former Germany Chancellor Helmut Kohl viewed that euro's economic benefits are only secondary and emphasizing instead that "the unification project is the best insurance against a relapse of national egoism, chauvinism and violent conflict" (qtd. in Chabot 38). Chabot continues on that the legacy of two world wars plays a crucial role in the process of European integration (38). Benefits of a Monetary Union In his book, Economics of Monetary Union, Paul De Grauwe asserted that whereas the costs of a common currency have much to do with the macroeconomic management of a country, the benefits are mostly situated at the microeconomic level (60). Eliminating the costs of exchanging one currency into another is certainly the most visible and easily the most quantifiable) gain from a monetary union (De Grauwe 60). The European Commission estimates that the gains derived from the elimination of transaction costs fall between 13 and 20 billion euros per year, one-quarter to one-half of 1% of the Community GDP (qtd. in De Grauwe 60). De Grauwe argues

EasyJet Airlines Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

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